Determining the Relationship between SPAD Values and Common Bean Seed ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Yield by Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis Method by using Different Organic Fertilizer

Path coefficient analysis provides a much better understanding of the correlation coefficient values. Spad values give information about the state of the leaf. In the study, path coefficient analysis was performed, especially SPAD values in beans. The study was carried out Kahramanmaraş Sutcu Imam University, treatment area in 2021 year. Mispir cultivar and Aydintepe local common bean genotype were used, leonardite and chicken litter and their mixture were used, various doses (3,6,9 t ha -1 and conventional fertilizer (25 kg ha -1 N / 64 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 ) and control application) were added to the soil. Leaf chlorophyll content was measured in three periods: early leaf (1 st SPAD), flowering stage (2 nd SPAD), post-flowering (3 rd SPAD). In addition, seed yield and biomass yield values were determined. Chicken Manure 3 t ha -1 organic fertilizer application showed the best performance among all applications in terms of seed yield. And the Aydintepe local genotype showed higher performance than the Mispir cultivar for the most of the properties examined.

Determining the Relationship between SPAD Values and Common Bean Seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Yield by Correlation and... study.In the field treatment, leonardite and chicken litter and their mixture were used and their various doses (3,6,9 t ha -1 ) were added to the soil.The common bean conventional production method (25 kg ha -1 N and 64 kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 ) and the application with no fertilizer were used for control.
The plots were 10 square meters, with 4 rows and the row length was 5 meters.On the other hand, the experiment was established with three replications.Sowing was done on 4 th of April and harvesting on 28 th of July 2021.During the growing period, irrigation and weed control were carried out at regular intervals.Organic farming principles were followed during these processes.
Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), using SAS 9.1 statistical analysis system (SAS, 2004).Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) was used to compare th e mean s (Dunc an, 19 55).C orrelation coefficients between all possible combinations of variables were worked out according to Snedecor (1957).Path coefficient technique (in other words multiple regression analysis) was performed according to the method of Wright (1934).On the other hand, correlation and path coefficients were determined using Totemstat, the Windows compatible version of the Tarist statistical analysis program (Acikgoz et al. 1993).

st SPAD measurement (Early leaf stage)
According to the results obtained, the difference between the cultivars was found to be statistically significant (Table 1).Aydýntepe genotype has a higher spad value (40.337) than the Mispir variety (38.957).On the other hand, the FertilizerGenotype interaction and the differences in o rg an ic fertilizer ap plic atio n s were statistically insignificant.It was found to be statistically insignificant, but leonardite/chicken manure mix. 9 t ha -1 application had the highest spad value (40.927) among organic fertilizers (Table 2-3).

nd SPAD measurement (Flowering stage)
The statistical difference between cultivars was also found significant in the second spad measurement.It was determined that the spad value (43.883) of the application without fertilizer was higher than all other applications.In the first spad measurement, Fer  Gen. interaction was statistically insignificant.Also, Aydintepe genotype also had a high value (39.677) in the second spad measurement; Mispir variety had lower value (35.144)..

rd SPAD measurement (Post-flowering stage)
In the third spad measurement, all factors were found to be statistically insignificant.However, Mispir cultivar (32.640) had high value between genotypes and among the fertilizers, control (no fertilizer) got the highest spad value (33.927).

Biomass yield (kg da -1 )
All sources of variation in biomass yield were found to be insignificant (Table 4).However, Aydintepe genotype produced more biomass (491.00 kg da -1 ) than Mispir cultivar (439.88 kg da -1 ).Leonardite 3t ha -1 application (520.78 kg da -1 ) was also the fertilizer application in which the most biomass was obtained (Table 5-6).Properties such as biomass yield and yield are highly affected by the environment, climate and soil conditions.Similar views were also reported by Karavidas et al. (2022).On the other hand, it was reported that there was a strong influence of environmental influences on yield (Swegarden et al., 2016).

Seed yield (kg da -1 )
In terms of seed yield, both the difference between g en otyp es an d th e differenc e betw een fertilizer applications were found to be statistically significant (Table 4).Between the genotypes, Aydintepe genotype (106.59kg da -1 ) had higher yield compared to Mispir cultivar (68.23 kg da -1 ).Considering the fertilizer issue; Chicken Manure 3 t ha -1 organic fertilizer application (118.79 kg da -1 ) was the application with the highest seed yield.However, the following were also included in the same statistical group: Leonardite/Chicken Manure Mix. 9 t ha -1 (102.83kg da -1 ), Control (Chemical fertilizer) (100.94kg da -1 ), Chicken Manure 6 t ha -1 (99.70 kg da -1 ) and Leonardite/Chicken Manure Mix. 6 t ha -1 (97.33 kg da -1 ) respectively (Table 5-6).The formation of the phenotype; It occurs as a result of genetic factors, environmental factors and the interaction of genetic and environmental factors (Falconer and Mackay 1996).For this reason, the amount of product we obtained varied according to the region and organic fertilizer.It was reported that the yield of bean varies according to the bean genotypes, fertilizer and fertilization (Karavidas et al., 2022).It has been reported that environmental factors have a great effect on yield (Swegarden et al. 2016).

Correlation and path coefficient analysis
Path coefficient analysis is used to examine the correlation coefficient in more detail.And the aim of the path coefficient analysis is the direct and indirect effects of the independent variables on the dependent variable (Wright, 1918;Wright, 1920;Wright, 1921;Wright, 1934).When the relationships between the examined features are considered; A positive and significant correlation coefficient was determined between 1 st SPAD and 2 nd SPAD measurement (r=0.523).All correlation coefficients that could be calculated among other features were found to be insignificant.In this study the results obtained were different

Table 1 :
Analysis of variance summary of 1 st SPAD, 2 nd SPAD and 3 rd SPAD features.

Table 3 :
According to the genotypes, the obtained values of 1 st SPAD, 2 nd SPAD and 3 rd SPAD and their Duncan statistical groups.

Table 2 :
The obtained values of 1 st SPAD, 2 nd SPAD and 3 rd SPAD and their Duncan statistical groups in terms of fertilizer applications.Determining the Relationship between SPAD Values and Common Bean Seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Yield by Correlation and...

Table 6 :
According to the genotypes, the obtained values of biomass yield and seed yield and their duncan statistical groups.

Table 4 :
Analysis of variance summary of biomass yield and seed yield features.

Table 5 :
The obtained values of biomass yield and seed yield their Duncan statistical groups in terms of fertilizer applications.